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More stuff for RetroLAN PCs, yay!

I’ve now got all the RetroLAN PCs running out of a copy-on-write image. This means I now have a single 4GB “base” image with an installation of Windows XP, instead of having 10 of them. It also means it is very trivial to reset the machine’s disk images, which I achieved with a bit of scripting.

First up, I needed to setup the copy-on-write images through `device-mapper`. This program is designed to let you setup software RAID, but it also allows snapshotting disks to provide a backup of a device at a point in time. Unfortunately, `dmsetup` doesn’t support accessing file images, only actual devices, so I need to create some loopback devices first.

# setup loop0 as the "master" image, and mark it as read-only so no changes ever get written back.
losetup -r /dev/loop0 /store/master.img
# we need to get the size of the image in sectors for use later on.
cow_size=`blockdev --getsize /dev/loop0`

The next step is to create a blank image file and loopback device to commit changes to. For my setup, I created 200MB images. Be aware of things like disk-based caches and automatic defragmentation will use up the allocated space very quickly, and when you run out of space in this file further writes will not be allowed, and Windows will soon crash with a blue screen of death. (More on dealing with this in a bit)

# remove any existing COW image
rm /store/pc-1.cow

# create a new 200MB image (it's actually comes out 5% more than stated, but it allows for overheads in the filesystem)
dd if=/dev/zero of=/store/pc-1.cow bs=1M count=200

# now hook it to a loopback device
losetup /dev/loop1 /store/pc-1.cow

Now we have two devices, `/dev/loop0` which contains the master image, and `/dev/loop1` which will contain any changes made to the disk. The next step is to use dmsetup to create a `device mapper` which will layer the COW image ontop of the original image.

# create the cow!
echo "0 ${cow_size} snapshot /dev/loop0 /dev/loop1 p 64" | dmsetup create pc1

This will create a device called `/dev/mapper/pc1`. You can use it in your iSCSI setup with something like this in your `/etc/ietd.conf`:

Target iqn.2010-01.lan.someplace.iscsihost:pc1
        Lun 0 Path=/dev/mapper/pc1,Type=fileio

You can then start `ietd`.

Now the next part is writing a script to let you reset the COW images. `ietd` does not like you changing things while it is running, so you’ll need to make sure your script suspends all disk activity before blanking out the COW image. Something like this:

# disconnect the COW image #1
ietadm --op delete --tid 1 --lun 0

# suspend dm activity
dmsetup suspend pc1

# clear the cow cache
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/loop1

# reload the cow table
master="/dev/loop0"
cow_size=`blockdev --getsize ${master}`
echo "0 ${cow_size} snapshot ${master} /dev/loop1 p 64" | dmsetup reload pc1

# resume dm activity
dmsetup resume pc1

# reconnect the COW image #1
ietadm --op new --tid 1 --lun 0 --params Path=/dev/mapper/pc1

You could change this script around so that it allows you to pass in a PC number as a command-line argument, and then hook in a CGI script that will call it to reset it remotely. In my setup, I’m using gPXE to boot from iSCSI, but it can also be used to access a URL via HTTP. So your CGI script reads in the request IP address, and if it is one of the resettable machines, it will reset it’s COW image. Then it sends back a gPXE script instructing it to run a DOS .com file that will reboot the computer. For this to work you need to have your CGI script execute the command as the superuser (root).

One of the things about the COWs is if you reset them or they become full while Windows is running, Windows will very soon crash, and refuse to boot up again. To better inform both yourself and users about the usage levels, you can read the information from `dmsetup`:

# dmsetup status pc8
0 8385930 snapshot 55296/409600

In this example, it is indicating that the full image is 8385930 sectors, and 55296 of 409600 sectors are used in the COW image. So I wrote a Python CGI script that reports this in a parsable fashion to clients:

#!/usr/bin/env python

print "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r"

from os import environ
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

ip = environ['REMOTE_ADDR']
d = int(ip.split(".")[3])
if d >= 41 and d <= 54:
  machine = d - 40
  try:
    p = Popen(('/sbin/dmsetup', 'status', 'retrocow%d' % machine), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
    use, total = stdout.split(' ')[3].split('/')
    use, total = long(use), long(total)
    print "OK %d %d" % (use, total)
  except:
    print "ERR Problem getting parsing information"
else:
  # return error
  print "ERR Not a RetroLAN Machine"

For me, the RetroLAN machines have IPs ending in 41 to 54. That corresponds to their PC number (retro-01 to retro-14). This script outputs the following text file when requested via CGI if successful:

OK 55296 409600

This isn’t very usable for the end user, so I wrote a .NET 2.0 app called `CowBell` that runs in the system tray showing the percentage of COW usage, and notifies them if they’re over 75% usage (which means they will crash soon). I’ve made source code available for download, which you’ll need to modify `frmMain.cs` line 37 to include the path to where you put the CGI script, and uncomment the line otherwise it will not compile. If you make modifications to this program I do ask that you share your improvements with me.

This is the message that constantly pops up when you’re over 75% usage:

The application refreshes it’s status every 10 seconds, and if you right-click the icon it shows the COW usage in sectors.

I have a situation where I’ve got 14 machines booting Windows XP over iSCSI, and they’ve all got the same computer name set, and they each need to have a different wallpaper set on each machine. This runs the “RetroLAN” machines at StreetGeek in the new setup, to make it much easier to roll out updates to machines. They’re all using the same base image, and this will get restored if things get broken. I’m using gPXE to boot the machines in the first place, and I’ve disabled NetBIOS over TCP/IP (to avoid the problem where Windows complains if two computers have the same name), and manually set the DNS search order (because when you boot Windows over iSCSI, Windows’ own DHCP client doesn’t get activated).

So I hacked together this VBScript that does a reverse DNS lookup on the IP, and uses that to get a specific wallpaper for the machine using a bit of copy-paste from the ‘net. The script requires you use JSWare’s JSSys addin for VBScript, so make sure you have that DLL installed and registered before trying to use my script. There’s a way to do it without JSWare using the registry, but it only applies after logging out and logging in again.

In the code it will try to grab the wallpaper from \\logres\wallpapers. You’ll need to change this for your setup. To activate this, I added it to the Startup folder, so about 5 seconds after login, the wallpaper is automatically changed to be for the correct machine.

One minor caveat: Apparently my network card was network card #2, and there was no #1. You can check what ID your card is in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkCards\, and change the line in the script appropriately.

' Automatically setup wallpaper (autowallpaper.vbs)

Function GetFQDN(ipaddress)
  set sh = createobject("wscript.shell")
  set fso = createobject("scripting.filesystemobject")
  Set Env = sh.Environment("PROCESS")

  workfile = fso.gettempname
  sh.run "%comspec% /c nslookup " & ipaddress & "  > " & workfile,0,true
  set sh = nothing
  set ts = fso.opentextfile(workfile)
  data = split(ts.readall,vbcr)
  ts.close

  set ts = nothing
  fso.deletefile workfile
  set fso = nothing
  for n = 0 to ubound(data)
    if instr(data(n),"Name") then
      parts = split(data(n),":")
      hostname= trim(cstr(parts(1)))
      Exit For
    end if
    hostname = "could not resolve IP address"
  next

  GetFQDN = hostname
End Function

Const HKCU = &H80000001
Const HKLM = &H80000002

Set objReg = GetObject("winmgmts:\\.\root\default:StdRegProv")

' Get NIC service name
objReg.GetStringValue HKLM, "Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkCards\2", "ServiceName", nicService

' Get IP address
objReg.GetMultiStringValue HKLM, "System\CurrentControlSet\Services\TCPIP\Parameters\Interfaces\" & nicService, "IPAddress", addrs

' Resolve name
fullname = GetFQDN(addrs(0))
shortname = split(fullname, ".")(0)

Dim objOps
Set objOps = CreateObject("JSSys3.Ops")

r = objOps.SetWallpaper("\\logres\wallpapers\" & shortname & ".bmp", "center")